Abstract:  Drilling is an important part of petroleum exploration and development work and is also a high investment, high risk industry, especially drilling a well in desert areas often needs tens of millions of money. It is the precondition and basis for the drilling to reach the predetermined target. GPS RTK technology has advantages of high flexibility, high accuracy, low construction cost and high operating efficiency. In the desert region with few people, flat terrain, low occlusion and small electromagnetic interference, the advantage of GPS RTK technology is more obvious in the location measurement work. However, the distance between GPS RTK technology positioning is strictly limited. In general, no more than 10 km can be extended to 15 km under special circumstances. So, what is the accuracy and reliability of GPS RTK technology positioning for distances of over 15 km? In taklimakan desert area,by adopting GPS RTK technology, the distance is greater than 15 km of two known control points for measurement analysis, whith is verified for GPS RTK surveying precision of the long distance in desert regions.