Abstract: Traditional UWB (ultra-wide band) localization anchor topology design often overlooks the mission-domain characteristics of takeoff and landing sites, which makes peak positioning errors and continuous outages difficult to be controlled. In order to solve this problem, a generalizable UWB anchor topology design method for takeoff and landing operations is proposed. First, the 3D platform space, takeoff/landing trajectories, and the corridor protection region are modeled. An optimization model is formulated to jointly characterize geometric quality, error robustness, continuous availability, and corridor coverage. Then, under discretized candidate locations and engineering deployment constraints, a Firefly Algorithm is employed to obtain the mission-oriented optimal topology. Results show that the proposed method achieves superior and more robust overall performance for M = 4, 5 and 6. the maximum continuous failure length can be reduced to zero, the corridor coverage rate reaches 100%, and key metrics such as the 95th percentile positioning error can be improved, and geometric degradation and error tails on critical flight segments can be suppressed. The proposed method is readily transferable to engineering practice and provides practical guidance for UWB anchor deployment in low-altitude takeoff and landing sites.