面向速度场反演的多测站联合PPP地壳形变监测方法研究

Multi-station PPP network solutions for robust velocity field inversion of crustal deformation

  • 摘要: 为提升GNSS地壳形变监测的精度和稳健性,针对传统非差精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)模糊度难固定及约束不灵活等问题,本文提出了一种适用区域地壳形变监测的高精度解算方案. 通过联合多测站PPP模型构建可固定的双差模糊度,并施加可调节的测站先验信息约束,借助功率谱分析确定最优噪声模型,而后采用极大似然估计(maximum likelihood estimation, MLE)反演区域速度场,实现高精度区域地壳形变监测. 以澳大利亚西北10个测站2021—2023年的数据为例进行验证,单日解定位精度水平优于1 cm、垂向优于2 cm. 将残差分析得到的“白噪声-闪烁噪声”噪声模型引入坐标时间序列分析后,参数不确定度得到了合理评估. 反演的水平速度场整体约以70 mm/a 向东北方匀速运动,垂向速度变化虽不明显但呈现出显著的周期性振荡. 本文方法兼具非差观测值精度与可固定双差模糊度的优势,能稳健反演大范围毫米级速度场,为板块运动与地壳形变分析提供了可靠技术方案.

     

    Abstract: To enhance the accuracy and robustness of GNSS crustal deformation monitoring, this study develops a high-precision regional solution that overcomes the ambiguity-fixing difficulty and rigid constraints of conventional undifferenced PPP. The method forms a multi-station PPP network that reconstructs fixable double-difference integer ambiguities, applies adaptive prior constraints to each station, determines the optimal stochastic model via power-spectral analysis, and inverts the regional velocity field with maximum-likelihood estimation. Validation using 2021—2023 observations from 10 sites in north-western Australia, single-day positioning accuracies better than 1 cm horizontally and 2 cm vertically. Introducing a white+flicker noise model into the coordinate time series provides realistic velocity uncertainties. The derived field shows a uniform northeastward motion of approximately 70 mm/a and vertically negligible yet strongly seasonal displacements. By jointly exploiting the precision of undifferenced observations and the reliability of fixed double-differenced ambiguities, the proposed approach enables robust large-scale velocity field inversion and offers a dependable tool for plate kinematics and crustal deformation research.

     

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