地球重力场模型研究现状及分析

Research status and analysis of the Earth’s gravity field models

  • 摘要: 挑战性小卫星有效载荷(Challenging Minisatellite Payload,CHAMP)卫星、重力恢复与气候实验(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment,GRACE)卫星和重力场和稳态海洋环流探测(Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer,GOCE)卫星等卫星任务极大地提升了重力场模型的观测精度和时空分辨率,推动了重力场模型的精细化与动态化发展. 首先基于国际全球重力场模型中心(International Centre for Global Earth Models,ICGEM)发布的地球重力场模型数据,对地球重力场模型的发展现状进行数量统计与分析. 然后从内符合精度的角度对比CHAMP、GRACE、GOCE及组合卫星重力模型的相对精度,探讨提高模型精度的方法和相关因素. 结果表明:近15年来,中国机构在地球重力场模型研制取得显著进展,所发布模型数量约占该时段总数量的1/5;地球重力场模型的精度受数据质量、处理方法以及数据覆盖时域影响;三类卫星在不同波段重力场模型的精度提升上具有互补性,其联合观测模型展现了更高的精度和综合能力,为全球重力场研究和相关科学应用提供了坚实的数据支撑.

     

    Abstract: Satellite missions such as the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP), Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), and Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) have significantly improved the observation accuracy and the spatial and temporal resolution of the Earth gravity field models. These advancements have greatly contributed to the refinement and dynamic development of global gravity field modeling. Based on the gravity field model data released by the International Centre for Global Earth Models (ICGEM), this study quantitatively analyzes the development status of global gravity field models. Furthermore, the relative accuracies of models derived from CHAMP, GRACE, GOCE, and their combined observations are compared in terms of internal consistency. The study also discusses various methods and influencing factors that affect model accuracy. The results show that over the past 15 years, Chinese institutions have made remarkable progress in the development of gravity field models, with their contributions accounting for approximately one-fifth of all models released during this period. The accuracy of gravity field models is influenced by several factors, including data quality, data processing techniques, and the temporal coverage of observations. The three satellite missions are complementary across different spectral bands, and the integration of their data leads to models with improved accuracy and comprehensive performance. These combined satellite gravity models offer robust data support for global gravity field studies and a wide range of geoscientific applications.

     

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