Space station orbital accuracy analysis based on the SGP4 model
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摘要: 针对在地面站天线对空间站观测任务中，通常基于卫星工具包(satellite tool kit，STK)软件规划出天线对空间站的方位角和俯仰角，实现天线对空间站的自动跟踪. 为了保证天线跟踪的准确性和可靠性，需要定期计算出准确的空间站轨道和天线的方位俯仰角，并更新规划任务. 因此科学分析与评估空间站两行轨道根数(two line elements，TLE)长期预报精度，对地面站实现空间站的精准跟踪具有重要意义. 本文以中国空间站(China Space Station，CSS)梦天实验舱为例，基于TLE数据，利用STK软件提供的简化常规摄动规模型(simplified general perturbations 4，SGP4)模型计算空间站轨道以及空间站相对于西安地面站的方位角和俯仰角，并分析不同策略下的精度效果. 试验结果表明：在第二天更新空间站的TLE，可以获得较好的轨道结果，从而更好地保障天线的跟踪精度.
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关键词:
- 梦天实验舱(Mengtian Lab Module) /
- 两行轨道根数(TLE) /
- SGP4轨道预报 /
- 方位角 /
- 俯仰角
Abstract: In the ground antenna observation mission of low-orbit space station, the azimuth and elevation angle of the antenna to the space station are usually planned based on the satellite tool kit (STK) software, and then the antenna automatically tracks the space station. In order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of antenna tracking, it is necessary to calculate the accurate space station orbit and antenna’s azimuth and elevation angle regularly and update the planning task. Therefore, scientific analysis and evaluation of the long-term forecast accuracy of space station orbit provided by the two-line orbit root number two line elements (TLE) of LEO satellites is of great significance for ground stations to achieve accurate tracking of satellites. In this paper, taking the Mengtian space lab module of China Space Station (CSS) as an example, based on the TLE data, the simplified general perturbations (SGP4) model provided by STK software is used to calculate the satellite’s orbit as well as the space station’s azimuth and elevation angle relative to the Xi’an Ground Station, and to analyse the effect of the accuracy under different strategies. The experimental results show that updating the space station’s two rows of orbital roots on the second day can obtain better orbital results to ensure the tracking accuracy of the antenna.-
Key words:
- MENGTIAN space station /
- two-row orbit root /
- SGP4 orbit prediction /
- azimuth /
- elevation angle
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表 1 CSS梦天空间站的TLE
行号 TLE轨道根数 1 54216U 22143A 23058.49901003 .00015872 00000-0 18370-3 0 9999 2 54216 41.4740 104.8916 0004406 329.2949 175.4109 15.61484168 104670 
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表 2 CSS梦天空间站观测时间表
轨道编号 观测日期 开始时间(UTC) 结束时间(UTC) 持续时间/s 最高仰角/(°) 1 2023-02-28 15:08:55.938 15:14:36.121 340.183 31.103 2 2023-02-28 16:45:31.027 16:51:31.649 360.622 40.107 3 2023-02-28 18:23:19.571 18:28:17.683 298.112 20.675 4 2023-02-28 20:00:19.658 20:06:01.786 342.128 29.851 5 2023-02-28 21:36:59.816 21:43:12.858 373.043 55.746
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