Research progress and prospects of ground-based BDS/GNSS water vapor monitoring in the field of water conservancy
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摘要: 地球上几乎所有的水汽都集中在对流层，水汽含量对全球气温、降水等气象要素都有很大的影响，在一定程度上可以影响地球气候变化，在全球范围内调节热量平衡. 对对流层水汽监测、水资源管理、极端天气预警和气候变化研究等具有十分重要的作用. 在北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, BDS)/GNSS技术持续发展和完善的过程中，BDS/GNSS大气可降水量反演(precipitable water vapor，PWV)逐渐成为一种新型的水汽探测技术，相较于传统水汽探测技术可实现对水汽高精度、近实时的监测. 本文对BDS/GNSS PWV反演的发展历程及研究现状进行了系统地综述，阐明其反演原理与方法，主要从高精度水汽监测、降水短临预报、气候变化及旱涝监测方面分析地基BDS/GNSS水汽监测在水利领域中的应用与发展方向.
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关键词:
- 大气可降水量(PWV) /
- 北斗卫星导航系统(BDS) /
- GNSS水汽监测 /
- 多源数据水汽监测 /
- GNSS水利应用 /
- 智能化水汽监测
Abstract: Almost all water vapor on Earth is concentrated in the troposphere, the content of it has a significant impact on global temperature, precipitation, and other meteorological factors, which can to some extent affect Earth’s climate change and regulate heat balance on a global scale. Tropospheric water vapor monitoring plays a crucial role in water resource management, extreme weather warning, and climate change research. In the process of continuous development and improvement of BDS/GNSS global satellite navigation technology, the retrieval of precipitable water vapor by BDS/GNSS has gradually become a new type of water vapor detection technology. Compared with traditional water vapor detection technology, BDS/GNSS can achieve high-precision and near real-time monitoring of water vapor. To deepen researchers’ understanding of BDS/GNSS precipitable water vapor (PWV), the paper provides a systematic review of the development process and research status of the retrieval of BDS/GNSS PWV, elucidating its inversion principles and methods. It mainly analyzes the application and development direction of ground-based BDS/GNSS water vapor monitoring in the field of water conservancy from high-precision water vapor monitoring, short-term and imminent rainfall forecasting, climate change, and drought & flood monitoring. -
表 1 Tm−Ts线性回归模型示例
模型作者 适用地区 Tm=a+b×Ts a b Bevis 美国中纬度地区 70.20 0.720 李建国 中国东部 44.05 0.810 龚绍琦 中国地区 105.45 0.594 廖发圣 中国南部 76.97 0.700 陈永奇 中国香港 106.70 0.605 
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